Dynamo-electric machine.



H. WEHSEL & S. T. WEBSTER. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. PPLIMTON FILED JUNE 15, 1912. l

Patented OC. 14, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

H. WEICHSEL L S. T. WEBSTER.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLICATION IILED JUNE 15, 1912.

1,075,452'. Patented 001;. 14, 1913.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 A l wif/M8858.-

more sriarns PATENT cerros.

HAN-55 WVEHSEL AND SAMUEL T. WEES'ER, 0F ST. LOUIS, MISSOUR, ASSIG'NORS TG 'WAGNER ELECTRI MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 0F ST. LOUIS, M'SSUUH, A. CR

BYNAMWELECTRIG MGHN'E.

:nero/rse.,

To all whom ii may] concern:

Be it known! thai; We, iFANsVniorisni., a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and SAMUEL T. iinesrnni esiibjcct o 1 the King of ilngiand,y residinget the city ci' Se. Louis, State of Missouri, Unieci States of America,

` have invented e certain new and useful Dy naino-Eiectric Machine, of which the oiiow ing is such o fuiit clear, end enact descrip 'cion as mi] enabic any one Skilled in che art to which it appertains to ineke and use 'tion of such dynamo elec-eric machines and torenrier them :more eicient both at starting and in norrnai operation.

The storage Haezeries carried on motor cars for purposes of iighting end ignition comprise e very smali number of. oeils and, therefore, deliver a Very iow Voiage, usually ci the order of ,ii/D Voire. it has been found a diiiicuii; matter to devise a dynamo eiectric machine which when operated from such iow Voltage 'will develop a sufficiently large torque to siert e gasoiene engine .of any sise and which, when driven by said engine as a dynamo, wiii. generate a Voltage about eqiiai to char of the battery ai; e suiiiciently louv speech Since che a'vaiiabie space ier the sccoinmooeiion of auxiliary devices on a iliiotor cer is very limited, anri since it is desiifrihic thai; the weighe of the riuxiii'fxry apparatus shoui he hep-t ydown as much as possible, it becomes important io devise a dynamo eiec-J tric machine 'which Wiii not oniy be e very. eiiicient converter or' energy, but which wiii occupy as initie space as possible. it is, rurtherniore, necessary to ineke provision for iirniziiig4 the oil-iper of such a. dynamo cicc-| vtric machine ufiien used :for charging' the storage baitery es otherwise the ietzer would be reaiiy daniagrecb The nor/'ei machine We have deviseci satisfies all the conditions which `here just been Specification of Leteers atent.

Appliceton filed Tune 15, 19153.

Patented Got., i4, ii

serial No. 703,828.

described as desirable, and has oti'rcr eiivantages which will appear from the following description.

n the accompanying drawings, 'Figure l shows our improved dynamo eiectric 1nachine, together with the storage battery cooperating with same74 and a controller adept ed to organize the connections between the machine andthe battery both for storting `the engine and for charging the britte-ry. Pig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing ihe circuiis as organized for starting, While Fig, 8 is another explanatory diagram showing the circuits organized-for charging the battery.

Referring' to Fig. l, the armature carries iWo commute@ windings 7 y 8, each connected; to a coniinutator. Three brushes 9, 10, 13,

and ii, TQM-1e, cooperate with each of thesecoxnmurators. The brushes 9, i0 coperatin?,- with the coinniutator beionging to the conimuted Winriing 8, are Working;n brushes and areplaccfi in the neuirei zone of the ma chine. The brush i3, cooperating with the saine coinrnutator is an eroitin l brushv Sinni iariy? the brushes l, 127, cooper-sting with the conimucetor belonging to the commuted winding 7 are placed in che neutral Zone oi? the machine and are the Working brushes 'ioif that commutaor While the brush 1li is an e/Xciiing' brush and, like 'the enoiiing; brush i3, is dispiaccd by 90 eiectricai. degrees with respect to either of the Working brushes. The iicici structure of this' machine carries vthree windings 15, 'i6 and i7. The first two are shunt windings, the third is a series Winding and when in circuit, it is connected ioV oppose the niagnetizetioii produced by the two shunt windings. The storage battery is shown at 1; can be' connected. to the consumption oirciiiiI 2, 3, containing transiaibivnfg devices such as che lamp e, by :ineens ofk 'the switch o, and is; adapted to be con 'necgcci to the dynamo electric machine in iwo different w aye by ineens of the concroiier e4,

`which may have if ree iaositiono: an off position i5? a starting; position 46, and a run- 'ning position ,471 The gasoiene engine is geni-ed to rho armature of the dynamo eieo tric machine in any desired manner. Included in the circuit oi? the decompounding winding i7 isen eiectro-magnetic switch 18,

`having an armature 27 pivoed et' 22, anni' carrying e contact 2L The niegnei of this switch carries two windings 19 and 23, thev former is connected in circuit with the decompounding winding 17 and ends at the contact 20 adapted to coporate With the contact 21 carried by the movable armature 27, While the winding 23 is adapted to be connected across the brushes 9, 10.

.the consumption circuit by moans of theV switch o. By n'ioving the controller 44 into the starting position etti, the circuits more clearly shown in Fig. 2 are established by the Contact plates 2t and 2S of the controllorbridging the finger contacts 3l, 32, 33 and 35, 8f3, 2i?, respectively. 'ihosc starting circuits can be traced in Fig. 1 as iollows: From the positivo terminal ot the battery t3, the ciii'ioiit tioii's to the point 2S) Where it divides into 'tour parallel paths. Uno ot these leads to the working brush t), through the committed winding 8 to the working brush it), and back to the negative pole oi. the battery by way ot the contact the contact plaie 24C, the' contact finger 33 and point Av10. Another circuit leads from point through the shunt; winding l5 and haelt to thc negative Lwie oft' the battery by way ot the contact finger 31, the contact plato 2li and the contact tingor 33. A third circuit can be traced 'from point 3S) through the contact. finger Bti, the contact plate 2S, the contact finger 35, tho working brush ll, the commutod winding 7, the working brush 12 and back to the i'iegatiifo polo ot' the storage battery by way ot' point 40. 'llie iourth circuit from point 3S) loads by way ot the contact finger 256, the contactplatc 72S, tho contact finger 37, the shunt Winding 1G and back to the negative pole oit the storage battery by way ot point 40. it should bo noted that in this starting connection, the shunt Winding 98 of the automatic switch 1F, as well as the serios winding 1%) thcreot', are both on open circuit, and the armature 2T ivill,therctoi'e,be in its position ot rest, in `which points 2O and 21 aro not in contact'. After the gasolene engine has been brought up to a sutiicicnt speed and is boing drii'on by combustion, the controller 44 may be nioicd into its running position 47 thus establishing the connections more clearly indicated in Fig. 3, but which can be traced as 'lolloivs in Fig. l: Starting trom the negativo pole ot the storage battery (i, the niain circuit' can be traced to point', 4t), to the Working brush l2, through the coniniiitod yviniling T, to the worliii'ig brush `l l, to the contact :'l on the armature 2T ot the automatic sii/itch '19. Atthis point tho circuit is open as long :is said armature is in its position of rest, but

should the latter be attracted by the mag' not carrying the 'coils 19 and 23, then contacts 2l and 2O would yclose the main circuit and the tracing ot the latter couid be continued as follows: From contact 21 to contact 20, through the series coil 1t) of the automatic switch, to the decompounding. coil 17 of the dynamo electric machine, to the working brush 10, through the commutcd Winding 8, to the Working brush 9, and back to the positive pole of the storage battery. In addition to this main circuit, three other circuits Will be' closed and can bo traced. One of these circuits connects the exciting brush 14 cooperating with the commuted Winding 7 to the Working brush 1?, cooperating with the saine ccininiited `winding by way of the contact finger the y contact plato 29, the contact finger 3T .and

the shiint exciting Winding 1d. Another ofi these 'circuits connects the working brush 9 cooperating with the commiited winding 8 rfith the exciting brush 13 coperating with the saine cominiited winding, by 'Way ot the point 39, the shunt Winding 15, the contact finger 3l., the contact plate 25 and the con-- tact finger B0. The last circuit may be traced from the workiiig brush 9 to point 39, to the finger contact 3G, the interconnocted Contact plates QG, the contact finger 34, through the shunt coil Q3 ot the automatic switch and back to the coinmiited \\'inding 8 by way of point 4t2 and the Working brush 10. it will bc seen that the shunt coil 23 is connected across the Working brushes cooperating with the commiited winding S. As soon as the combination comprising this coinmiited winding S and the shunt e\citinfr Winding 15 becomes seit'- t b exciting, an E. M. F. will appear at the Working brushes 9, 10, and will rise with increasing speed. The coil 28 is so proportioned that when the said I". M. li`. has reached a value for which the total. E. M. F. generated by both coininuted windings ai proxirnately equals that of thc storage bat-- tory, said shunt coil will attract the movable armature 27 and thus connect the dual armaturo dynamo electric machine to the storage battery t3, closing the niain circuit at the point at 'which it was 'found to be intorruptcd before. I

The modo of operation of our improved arrangement may best be ascertained by roterence to Figs. 2 and 3. W'hen the cont roller 44 is placed in the starting position Ll-t establishing the circuits shown in 'Figa il.. then it Will be seen that .both committed wiiutiit s on the armature are connected in ifaiallol Vto the battery G, and the two shunt irindings 15, 1G are also connected across. the full voltage ot said battery. Starting` troni the positive polo of the storage battery, one arn'iature circuit is 'traced to brusa t), through the coinm'iited Winding S, to brush l0, to

p by wey of points 2li end di). By connecti connections ure point 2li, to point 4.0, und buch to the negetive pcie ci the storage battery; while the other armature circuit is treced through point 28brush 11, coininuted winding 7, brush 12, points 2li and 40, and beck to the storage battery. The two shunt windings nre fed from point 28, the current througl'i the 'shunt winding 16 returning to the ster` current throuch 15 returninir to that source ing the armature windings end the field windings in the manner described, we secure a 'very strong excitation end s very large armature current :it storting', notwithstanding the very low buttery 'voltfige at our disposal and the relatively high resistance of the various contacts und particularly of the coininutstor brushes. At starting, the series windinga 17 is not roede use of.

After the motor has brought the engine up to u suhicientiy high speed, ignition is taking place in seid engine, the controller it is moved to itsrunning position e7, Isind establishes the connections more particularly described with reference to Fig. 1, and

clearly shown in Fig. 3. These connections diiier from the stai ting connections shown in Fig. 2, in that the two cornninted windings 7, 8, are now connected in series with euch other instead ot in piireiiei es wes the cese it starting.

with these coinrnuted windings end the storege buttery und tina'illy the shunt windings ings 7, in the running position 7, reorgenizes the circuits between the stomenbuttery und the I dynun'io in the manner indicated in F E.

yet it does not close the circuit between the winding,` of seid switch was on. open circuit in the stortingposition but connected across the brushes J, 1.0 when the running unido. 15 in Fig. is connected across the work- .ing brush 9 end 'the exciting brush 18 coo: cretino with the cornn'iut-ed windin 8 while the .shunt winding 15 is connected be. tween the excitingI brush 'il/i. end the work-n ing brush l coperuting" with the coninmted winding 7. The urrows placed adjacent to the shunt windings 15,16, end within. the 1 circles representing the coniniuted windings 7, S, in Figs. 2 und 3, represent the direction of the iiux produced by the shunt windings und the direction of the M. F. impressed or generated in the cominuted windings. 1Thus in F ig. 2, the exciting tiux is directed l Adowi'iwnrd und the E. M. F. impressed on vthe committed windings is directed from The shunt winding y right to left. In Fig. 3, the exciting ux is' again directed downward, while the E. M. F.

1 shunt exciting windings in Fig. 3 are such that et no load approximately one-half of the E. M. F. generated in the one or the tige battery .by wey of point li() und the.

exciting brushes 13 and 111 tire placed approxiinately inidwuy between the working I brushes with which they coperute. An exciting brush-located as described, may be connected to either of the working brushes cooperating with it. It connected to one of these brushes, the exciting E. M. F. will increuse with increasing load. If connected to the other workng brush, said exciting E. .M. F. will decrease. In Fig. 3, the exciting brushes 13 and 14 are so connected that the I exciting E. M. F. decreases with increasing leed.

Assuming e counterclock direction of rotation in Fig. 3 and a downward direction of the remnunt magnetism, then, :is the speed ot the armature increases, the E. Ml F. gen- Furtherinci'e, the series decoin- 'i pounding winding 17 is inciuded in circuit ei'ated therein by rotation in the'reinnunt magnetism will be directed in both comniuted windings in the manner indicated by magnetism will be directed in both com- 15, 1G are disconnected from the *full heb i tery voltage and connected across ti por-r tion only of each ot' the committed wind- `#Vi'iile the controlier 44, stending cle representing the cominuted winding 8, inciting the brush 9 positive and sending a current from brush 9" through the shunt finding 15 to brush 13 in e. direction to assist the remnant magnetism. Similarly, the E. M. generated in the commuted winding 7 will send en excitingcurrent from 'Qbrush 14; through the shunt winding 16 and dynamo and the battery leaving that duty I to the automatic switch 18. rlhe shunt buck to the cominuted windingr 7 by way of the brush 12. This exciting current will also assist the remnant magnetism and the machine will build up rapidly, :also sending n current through the shunt winding 23 of the automatic switch 18. Vhen the E. M. F. generated in the coininuted Winding 8, connected in series with the coinrnuted winding 7 has reached o. velue for which the sum of the E. M. F.s generated in. the` two com-` muted windings is about equal to the normal voltage oit' the storage buttery 6, then the tiux produced by the shunt winding 23 of the automatic switch reaches u velue suffi-4 l cient to ettriict the movable armature 27 j und to (tese the charging circuit et points 20 and 21. Should the speed ot the dynamo be increased beyond this point, then the E. M. F.s generated in the commuted windings will tend toincreu-se, causing :i charging current te be sent into the buttery, as indicated by the arrowheads in Fig. 3. If the imiI iso lett to right. By rotation in this armature.

reaction flux, E. M. F.s are set up in \both commuted windings, directed as indicated -by the dots and crosses placed within the circle representing the commuted winding T. This auxiliary F. M. F., the magnitude of which fio depends on the speed and on the armature current. is clearly directed against the exciting l". hl. l?. responsible for the current through the shunt winding` 'l5 and also clearly opposes the exciting E. M. F. revsponsible t'or the current through the shunt winding,- 1G. In this manner, the shunt exciting currents are diminished with increasing speed and load and keep the output of the dynamo electric machine within cer tain limits irrespective ot the speed. We have found that the current curve obtained from such a dynamo, when connectedto the storage battery in the manner indicated in Fig'. 3, rises very .rapidly at first, shows a de.- cided hump, and then diminishes with increasing speed. The maximum value ot the current reached in the region of this initial hump in 'the current curve is excessive and in order to reduce this value to one more nearly suited for charging a storage battery, we dispose on the field magnet ot our im# proved dynamo the demagrnetizing` series finding 17, the action of which naturally increases with increasing current output. Should the speed of the engine, and conscquent y of the dynamo, tall below that limit at which the sum ot the E. hi. Fs ,generated in the. con'nnuted windings 7 and 8 becomes less than the lil. M. F. existing at the terminal's of the storage battery (l, then the, current in the charging circuit reverses, the

battery tending to drive the dynamo. The

series winding 19 located on some part ot the automatic switch 1S is so connected that a reversal of the charging current through said winding` will cause the latter to oppose the magnetization produced by the shunt winding 23. .ls soon as the magnetization ol this automatic switch has fallen below a certain value, its arnuiture 2i" is released and connection between battery and dynamo is broken. l

lt will be seen that our method ol: operating our improved dynamo in connection with a gasolene engine and a 'storage battery.

t'ery consists, broadly, in making use of a dynamo electric machine comprising two commuted windings, two shunt windings and a series demagnetizing winding; in connecting, at starting, the two commuted windings in parallel and the two shunt windings directly across the battery, and in re-or,f: fani7,ing2, the circuits in order to charge the battery by connecting thc two commuted windings in series and each ot the shunt .windings across a part only ot the commuted winding; also, in connecting the series demagnetizing,` windiiug in opposition to said shunt windings. This method not only enables us to make 'full use oit the windings, both at starting and when running, but Ipermits a very large starting,r torque to be obtained by subjecting the shunt lwindings at starting,r to about 'tour ,times the voltage inipressed on themv when chargrimgv the batlurthcrmore, thesey saine shunt windings are so connected while charging' the battery that they help to limit the current output of the machine and thusI safe-guard the. storage battery.

Having,r fully described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure hy Letters iatent ot the United States is:

l. The coiul'iination with an accliuuilut r, ol u dynamo electric machine having a stationary ineniher provided with a shunt windii'ig, arevolving member provided with two commut'ed windings, two working brushes for each conunutcd winding and an exciting brush Yfor one conunuted winding, means Afor connectiirgthe comi'i'iuted windings and the shunt winding); to the accumulator in parallel circuits to operate the irachine as a motor, and means tor coniucting); the con'imu'ted winnings in sci-ics and the shunt winding in circuit with a workingF brush and an exciting brush to operate the machine as a generator.

2. rl`he combination with an accumulator, of a dynamo electric n'iacliine. having a stationary member provided with two shunt windings, u revolving),` member provided with two connnutcd windings, and two working brushes and an exciting brush 'for cach coinmuted winding, means 'lor connecting' the commuted windings and the shunt windings to the accumulator in parallel circuits to operat'elhe machine as a, motor, and uicaus for cminecting` the coinniuted windings in series and each shunt winding in circuit with a working;r brush and an exciting; brush to operate the machine as a generator.

The combination with an accumulator, of a dynamo electric machine having a stationary member provided with two shunt windings and a series winding, a revolving member having two commuled wiiulingw'and two working brushes and an exciting brush for cach commutcd winding. means 'or connecting the commuted windings and the Localice 'means for connecting the commuted windings .ji series and for connecting each shunt winding in circuit with an exciting brush' and working brush to .run thejmachine as a generator, and a switch operated by a current generated by the machine for connecting the series winding in circuit with the accumulator.

4.-, The combination with an accumulator, of a dynamo electric machine having a stationary member provided with two shunt windings and a series winding, all coaxially disposed, a revolving member having two ccnimuted windings, and two working brushes and an exciting brush foreach commutedwinding, means for connecting the commuted windings and the shunt windings 'to the accumulator in parallel circuits to operate the machine as a motor, means ter connecting the commuted windings in and for connecting each shunt windcircuit with an exciting brush and a n brush. to run the machine as a generator, and switch operated by a current generated by the machine for connecting the series winding in opposition to the shunt windings. l

She combination with an accumulator7 fname electric machine having a staineinber provided with a shunt i. id'n. a revolving member provided with two commuted. windings, and two Working hes for each commuted winding and an brush for one commuted winding,

ning; brush being displaced substantially ninety l (90) electrical degrees from the corresponding working brushes, means for connecting the commuted windings and the shunt Winding to the accumulator "in, parallel circuits vtooperate the machine as a motr, and means for connecting the commuted windings in series and the shunt winding in circuit with a working brush and an exciting brush to operate the machine as a generator. i

6. The combination with an accumulator, of a dynamo electric machine having a Stationary member provided with two shunt windings, a revolving memben provided with two commuted windings, and .two working brushes and an exciting brush for each commuted winding, each exciting brush being displaced substantially ninety (90) electrical degrees from the correspondine; working brushes, means 4vfor connecting thecommuted windings and the shunt wind-- ings to the accumulator in parallel circuits to operate the machine as a motor, and means for connecting the commuted windings in series and each shunt winding in circuit with a working brush and an exciting brush to operate the machine as a generator. y

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and aiiixed our seals in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses. HANS VVEICHSEL. [Ls] SAMUEL T. vWllBSIER [Ls] Vlitnesses:

VAL A. LYNN,v Rainer YV. HEUERMAN.

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